Theory Critique Jean Watson free essay sample

Theory Critique: Theory of â€Å"Human Caring† Abigail Peerce Maryville University â€Å"Caring is the essence of nursing† (Chantal, 2003, p. 57). Caring is the essence and core of my nursing background and why I chose to take the path towards a career as a professional nurse. The art and science of a postmodern model of transpersonal caring-healing is complementary to the science of medical curing, modern nursing, and medical practices (Chantal, 2003, p. 1) The three major central components of Watson’s theory include the carative factors, transpersonal caring relationship, and the caring occasion or moment. The original 10 carative factors were revised in 1985 to the â€Å"Clinical Caritas Process†. Fitzpatrick and Whall (2005) state that â€Å"Watson proposes that the clinical Caritas framework is a transformation of the original caring model which emphasizes the merging of spirituality, and evocation of love and caring to provide new paradigm for the millennium† (p. 310).The transpersonal caring relationship according to Fitzpatrick and Whall (2005) is a â€Å"†¦relationship that moves beyond ego-self and radiates to spiritual, even cosmic concerns and connections that tap into healing possibilities and potentials† (p. We will write a custom essay sample on Theory Critique Jean Watson or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 310). Watson proclaims caring is the â€Å"moral ideal† in nursing. Creating a transpersonal relationship comes from the bond between two beings that help the ill â€Å"†¦find meaning in illness and suffering in order to restore or promote the person’s harmony† (www. watsoncaringsience. org).The analysis of consistency allows one to reflect on a theory to better understand the theory relates to practice, research, and education (Fitzpatrick Whall, 2005). Watson’s model of caring â€Å"has been criticized for the incongruent use of abstract terminology in defining the component and relationships within the original human caring theory and the postmodern transpersonal caring-healing paradigm† (Fitzpatrick Whall, 2005, p. 315). The use of vague terminology makes it difficult to understand and define the components.Watson theory has become complex with the incorporation of components from spiritualism, philosophy, mysticism, and existentialism. â€Å"Accessibility addresses the extent to which empiric indicators can be identified for concept with the theory and how attainable the projected outcomes of the theory are† (Fitzpatrick Whall, 2005, p. 317). Some of the empirical indicators that have been developed include are the caring efficacy scale, caring assessment report evaluation, and caring behavior checklist.

Towards a Definition of Film Noir (1955) by Raymond Borde and Etienne Chaumeton Essay Example

Towards a Definition of Film Noir (1955) by Raymond Borde and Etienne Chaumeton Essay In the excerpt Towards a Definition of Film Noir, authors Raymond Borde and Etienne Chaumeton address the problem of defining film noir. The main issue is the diversity and interrelationships across genres that make the task daunting. While the term film noir may have been coined by influential critics in France, the birthplace of the genre is Hollywood. Many adjectives come to mind when thinking of film noir, but any given film can contain any permutation of these qualities. For example, qualities such as night-marish, weird, erotic, cruel or ambivalent can readily be associated with the genre. Yet this list is not exhaustive. Thrillers such as This Gun for Hire, The Big Sleep and The Lady in the Lake are as much part of the genre as are the more experimental Call Northshid 777, The House on the 92nd Street and The Naked City. Whatmore, compounding the problem of definition of film noir are the various renowned directors who have embraced the genre. Household names like Billy Wilder , John Huston, Otto Preminger, Robert Siodmak and Fritz Lang have all contributed to film noir. These luminous directors have not merely restricted themselves to film noir but have acquired fame for works in other genres. Hence classification on the basis of director groupings is also inadequate in defining film noir. Perhaps the only definitive quality is that the genre came into its own in the decade after the Second World War. It was an era of morose and confusion, as people (both in the United States and Europe) were grappling with evil tendencies in human nature – something film noir faithfully captures. In my opinion, authors Borde and Chaumeton do a commendable job of attempting to define the genre. They lay out the broader categories into which it falls, which incidentally complicate the problem. Finally, their definition of the genre in terms of its emotional effects on the audience – the state of tension and a specific psychological alienation imposed on the spectator – is something I agree with. References: Raymond Borde and Etienne Chaumeton (1955), Towards a Definition of Film Noir, excerpted from Panaroma du Film Noir Americain), p.17-25. In the excerpt Towards a Definition of Film Noir, authors Raymond Borde and Etienne Chaumeton address the problem of defining film noir. The main issue is the diversity and interrelationships across genres that make the task daunting. While the term film noir may have been coined by influential critics in France, the birthplace of the genre is Hollywood. Many adjectives come to mind when thinking of film noir, but any given film can contain any permutation of these qualities. For example, qualities such as night-marish, weird, erotic, cruel or ambivalent can readily be associated with the genre. Yet this list is not exhaustive. Thrillers such as This Gun for Hire, The Big Sleep and The Lady in the Lake are as much part of the genre as are the more experimental Call Northshid 777, The House on the 92nd Street and The Naked City. Whatmore, compounding the problem of definition of film noir are the various renowned directors who have embraced the genre. Household names like Billy . We will write a custom essay sample on Towards a Definition of Film Noir (1955) by Raymond Borde and Etienne Chaumeton specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Towards a Definition of Film Noir (1955) by Raymond Borde and Etienne Chaumeton specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Towards a Definition of Film Noir (1955) by Raymond Borde and Etienne Chaumeton specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer